AP I Notes Home Page

Organic Compounds

I). Organic compounds

        Monomer is 1 subunit type of an organic compound.

        Polymer is a series of monomers.

Comparisons of Units & Groupings

Organic Monomers and Polymers

III). Carbohydrates

        A). Monosaccharide  

GLUCOSE:  C6H12O6

        B). Disaccharide

        C). Polysaccharide

IV). Lipids

            Insoluble in water but are soluble in other lipids.

        A). Neutral Fats

3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol  = triglyceride

Saturated fats: only single covalent bonds.

Polyunsaturated fats: double or triple bonds,.

       B). Phospholipids

The tail is nonpolar the head is polar.

        C). Steroids

V). Protein

                     Chains of amino acids linked by peptides bonds

        A).  amino acids.

B).  Fibrous and globular proteins

fibrous = structural proteins

globular  = functional proteins

        C). Structure level of proteins:

                    i). Primary structure:  

                    ii). Secondary structure:  

                    iii). Tertiary structure: 

                    iv). Quaternary structure:  

Proteins have a specific geometry

        D). Enzymes

Enzymes are globular proteins that act as biochemical catalysts.

They sometimes contain a non-protein part such as a metal (cofactor) or a vitamin (coenzyme)

lower the activation energy

Enzyme function

 i). The enzyme binds the substrate.

                         At a very specific active site

ii). The enzyme-substrate complex undergoes an internal change that forms the product

iii).  Releases the product;  free to attach to another substrate

VI). Nucleic Acids

 A). The 2 major classes include

Nucleotide Groups for DNA & RNA

B). Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

ATP is an t contains a high energy phosphate bond.

Chemical energy is stored in this high energy bond and released when the cell needs energy.