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Integumentary System
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I). Functions of the Integumentary System
A). Protection
1). Chemical Barrier
2). Physical Barrier
3). Biological Barrier
B). Cutaneous Sensation
C). Body Temperature Regulation
Mnemonics
When the skin needs to CONServe heat, the
blood vessels of the skin CONStrictWhen the skin is COld, the blood
vessels of the skin COnstrict.D). Metabolic Function
E). Blood Reservoir
F). Excretion
II). Regions or Layers of the skin
A). Epidermis
1). Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
2). Types of cells
i). Keratinocytes
ii). Melanocytes
iii). Merkel cells
iv). Langerhans’ cells
3). Layers of the Epidermis
i). Stratum Basale
ii). Stratum Spinosum
iii). Stratum Granulosum
iv). Stratum Lucidum
v). Stratum Corneum
MNEMONIC
Bob's Shaving Grandma's Love Child.
Layers of the epidermis-bottom to top
Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum
Corneum
B). Dermis
C). Hypodermis
III). Skin Color
A). Pigments
1). Melanin
2). Carotene
3). Hemoglobin
IV). Structures of the skin
A). Sweat Glands
1). Eccrine Glands
2). Apocrine Glands
3). Ceruminous Glands
4). Mammary Glands
B). Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
C). Hair
 | Structure of hair |
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D). Nail
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E). Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
exteroceptors:
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RECEPTOR |
FUNCTION |
LOCATION |
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Missner’s Corpuscles |
light touch |
upper layer; |
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Merkel Discs |
light touch |
upper layer |
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Pacinian receptors |
strong impact |
deeper dermis |
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Root Hair plexus |
wind blowing |
hair follicle |
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Bare Nerve Ending |
Painful stimuli cold, hot, etc |
through the skin |
V). Skin Cancer
A). Basal Cell Carcinoma
B). Squamous Cell Carcinoma
C). Melanoma
VI). Burns
A). Rule of 9
B). Problems associated with burns:
| loss of body fluids and proteins and electrolytes. |
| extra calories for cellular repair |
| Infection |
C). Levels of burns
1). First-degree burns
2). Second-degree burns
3). Third-degree burn
