9  Managing Individual Behavior

A  Understanding Individuals in Organizations

                1.  Psychological Contract:  expectations held by  the individual on contributions compared to what 
                                                  the organization will do in return.

                2.  The Person-Job Fit:  contributions made by the individual match inducement offered by the 
                                                          organization.

                                What are some reasons for a poor fit?

B  Personality:  stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another.

                1.  The Big Five:

                                Agreeableness:

                                Conscientiousness:

                                Negative emotionality:

                                Extraversion:

                                Openness:

                2.  Other important traits at work:

                                Locus of control:

                                Self-Efficacy:

                                Authoritarianism:

                                Machiavellianism:

                                Self-Esteem:

                Risk Propensity:

C  Attitudes:  complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other     
                         people

                1.  Three components of Attitudes

                                Affective:

                                Cognitive:

                                Intentional:

                                What is cognitive dissonance?

                2.  Work-Related Attitudes

                                Satisfaction & Dissatisfaction

                                Organizational Commitment

                3.  Positive and Negative Affectivity

D  Perception:  set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information

                Selective Perception:

                Stereotyping:

E  Stress:  a person’s response to a strong stimulus!

                Do you have high stress situations or do you live constantly with stress?

                1.  General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

                                Stage 1:  ALARM

                                Stage 2:  RESISTANCE

                                Stage 3:  EXHAUSTION

                2.  What is the difference between Type A and Type B?

                3.  What are some common causes of stress?

                4.  What are some of the consequences of stress?

                5.  How can you effectively manage stress?

                     How can organizations effectively manage stress?

F  Creativity:  the ability of an individual to generate new ideas or to conceive of new perspectives in existing 
                         ideas

                Personal traits of creative people

                Cognitive abilities of creative people

                The Creative Process

                                1.  Preparation

                                2.  Incubation

                                3.  Insight

                                4.  Verification

                How can you enhance creativity at your place?

G   Workplace Behavior:  a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly 
                                             influences effectiveness.

                1.  How do workplace behaviors and performance behaviors relate?

                     In turn, how do general attitudes and general behaviors relate?

                2.  What are some examples of withdrawal behaviors?

                3.  What is organizational citizenship?