The anatomy, physiology, and biodiversity of plants emphasizing life processes, the cell, development, heredity, plant systems, evolution, taxonomy, phylogeny and ecology. Includes laboratory studies of the morphology, physiology, and reproduction of plants with emphasis on flowering plants.

Integrated components: Lecture: 3 credits (45 contact hours). Laboratory: 1 credit (30 contact hours)

Pre-requisites: BIO 112 or consent of instructor

    Upon completion of this course, the student can:

1. Demonstrate an understanding of botanical structure from the cell to the organism.

2. Identify diverse botanical organisms.

3. Demonstrate an understanding of physiological features of plants, including water relations, photosynthesis, and functions associated with growth and development.

4. Work effectively in a laboratory setting, being familiar with laboratory procedures, equipment, and safety precautions.

5. Make observations, record data, and critically evaluate information for accuracy, relevance, and importance.

6. Demonstrate mastery of the specific knowledge pertaining to plant structure and function that is studied, demonstrated, or manipulated in the laboratory.

I. Taxonomy

A. Carolus Linnaeus and his original system of naming organisms

B. Binomial nomenclature

C. Classification hierarchy

II. Cell division

A. cell division

B. alternation of generations

III. Plant tissues

A. Meristematic tissue

B. Non-meristematic tissue

1. Simple tissues

2. Complex tissue

IV. Stems, Roots and Leaves

A. External morphology

B. Origin and development

C. Tissue patterns in herbaceous dicots, woody dicots, and monocots.

D. Specialized (modified) structures.

V. Reproduction of plants

A. Non-vascular

B. Vascular

VI. Soil nutrients and water relations in plants

A. Macronutrients

B. Micronutrients

C. Water movements in plants

VII. Plant metabolism

A. Photosynthesis

B. Cellular respiration

VIII. Plant growth and plant growth regulators (plant hormones)

A. Plant hormones

B. Plant growth interactions and movements

C. Phytochrome and photoperiodism

IX. Taxonomy Groups

A. Kingdom Protista

B. Kingdom Fungi

C. Kingdom Plantae

1. Division: Bryophytes

2. Division: Psilophyta

3. Division Lycophyta

4. Division Sphenophyta

5. Division Pterophyta

6. Division Coniferophyta

7. Division Cycadophyta

8. Division Ginkgophyta

9. Division Gnetophyta

10. Division Anthophyta

X. Ecology

A. Major centers of origin of cultivated plants

B. Basic ecological principles and the food chain

C. Ecological succession

D. Biomes

E. Plants as nutrition for other organisms

F. Medicinal plants

XI. Laboratory safety procedures

A. Learn location and proper use of safety equipment.

B. Learn proper use of laboratory equipment.

XII. Use and care of the microscope

A. Learn parts, functions, and use of the microscope

B. Make wet mount slides

C. Measure using microscope so as to estimate size of cells/organisms

XIII. Basic chemistry involved in living plant cells

A. Diffusion and osmosis

B. pH and acidity

XIV. Plant Metabolism

A. Photosynthesis

B. Cell respiration

XV. Tissues

A. Observation of the major categories of tissues

B. Identification of the major tissues

XVI. Roots, Stems, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds

A. Observation of monocot and dicot plant parts, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds.

B. Identification of monocot and dicot plant parts, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds.

XVII. Taxonomy—classification keys

A. Use of taxonomic keys of various plant divisions.

B. Construction of taxonomic keys of various plant divisions

XVIII. Study the following groups using, when available, prepared slides, living or preserved material, dissection and media presentations.

A. Algae

B. Fungi

C. Bryophytes and Hepatophytes

D. Primitive vascular plants

E. Ferns

F. Gymnosperms

G. Angiosperms

XIX. Plant growth Regulators and responses to stimuli

A. Hormones

B. Tropisms

C. Mineral requirements

XX. Collections and/or field work

A. Plant collections (when appropriate)

B. Field trips (when appropriate)

1. Use and care of microscope, and safe laboratory procedures.

2. Cells and tissues

3. Characteristics of living organisms (transport, pH)

4. Plant metabolism

5. Cell division

6. Dichotomous keys

7. Anatomy of Roots, Stems and Leaves

8. Algae

9. Fungi

10. Bryophytes and Hepatophytes

11. Primitive Vascular Plants

12. Ferns

13. Gymnosperms

14. Angiosperms – flower structure, types of fruits, seed dissection

15. Plant growth regulators

16. Plant mineral requirements

17. Plant tropisms

18. Genetics

19. Plant collection

20. Field trips